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V.8 THE L&S PROGRAM IN WRITING ACROSS THE CURRICULUM AND
WRITING INTENSIVE COURSES
Writing Across The Curriculum
Director: Brad Hughes
Department of English
6187F Helen C. White Hall
(608) 263-3823
bhughes@facstaff.wisc.edu
The L&S Program in Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) helps faculty
in all disciplines find successful ways to integrate writing activities
into their teaching. To that end, staff in the WAC program:
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sponsor
workshops for faculty and TAs on designing effective writing assignments
and responding to student writing |
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develop
workshops on writing for faculty in individual L&S departments
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consult
individually with faculty and TAs about the writing component of their
courses |
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help
departments plan and develop Communication B and writing-intensive
courses |
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publish
a handbook for faculty about teaching writing-intensive courses
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publish
a newsletter, Time to Write, that features innovative ways in which
L&S faculty use writing in their courses |
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maintain
a library of sample assignments and of articles about using writing
assignments in different disciplines |
Contact Brad Hughes, the director of the WAC program, to arrange for
this kind of consultation or to request any of these materials.
The L&S WAC program, like similar ones at most universities around
the country, encourages faculty to make writing activities a central part
of their teaching. Among the many reasons for emphasizing writing in courses
across the curriculum:
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writing
is an important means by which students can learn the subject matter
of a course; carefully designed writing assignments can, for example,
help students learn to understand and respond critically to course
readings, prepare them to participate in a class discussion, synthesize
lectures and readings, or propose and test new ideas for research;
writing provides opportunities for students--and faculty--to generate
ideas, shape them into coherent form, and share them with others for
criticism and improvement |
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students
need to write regularly throughout their undergraduate studies; to
some extent, writing is a skill that atrophies if it's not practiced;
having students write in many courses across the curriculum thus builds
on the foundation established in the new first-year communication
courses |
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the
kinds of thinking and writing done vary in different disciplines and
majors; incorporating writing activities into courses across the disciplines
provides important opportunities for students to learn to do the kinds
of intellectual work done within their majors and to prepare for the
writing they'll do as part of their careers |
Undergraduate Writing Fellows
The Undergraduate Writing Fellows program, which is part of the L&S
Writing Center, trains carefully selected undergraduates to serve as peer
writing tutors, called Writing Fellows, who assist students and professors
in Comm-B and writing-intensive courses. Chosen through a competitive
application process, Writing Fellows write comments on drafts of assigned
papers and hold conferences with all students in a course, offering suggestions
for revision before the papers are turned in to the professor to
be graded.
Since its beginning in 1997, this program has placed Writing Fellows
in courses across the L&S curriculum, including African Languages
and Literature, Afro-American Studies, American Indian Studies, Art History,
Chemistry, Communication Arts, Communicative Disorders, Comparative Literature,
English, Geography, History, History of Science, ILS, Languages and Cultures
of Asia, Literature in Translation, Mathematics, Music, Philosophy, Political
Science, Psychology, Sociology, Theatre and Drama, Women's Studies, and
Zoology.
Faculty and instructional academic staff are eligible to apply to work
with a Writing Fellow if they:
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will
have between 15 and 40 students enrolled in the course |
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are
willing to meet regularly with the assigned Fellow(s) to discuss assignments
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are
willing to adjust their course syllabus to allow time for revision
and to require that all enrolled students work with the assigned Fellow(s)
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are
teaching a Communication-B or writing-intensive, or a course with
at least two writing assignments spread out during the semester
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To learn more about the Writing
Fellows program or to apply to work with a Fellow in a course, faculty
should contact Emily Hall, Associate Director of the Writing Fellows program
(ebhall@facstaff.wisc.edu,
263-3754), or Brad Hughes, Director of the Writing Center (bthughes@facstaff.wisc.edu,
263-3823). The number of Writing Fellows is limited, so the sooner faculty
indicate their interest, the better.
Assistance with Communication-B
courses
During Welcome Week in both the fall and spring semesters, the L&S
Program in Writing Across the Curriculum holds training sessions for TAs
who are teaching Communication-B courses. Faculty are also welcome to
attend these sessions. WAC staff are available to consult individually
with TAs and faculty about designing a sequence of writing assignments
for a Comm-B courses, and about strategies for teaching students about
writing within a particular discipline. They are also available to team-teach
brief units on writing in Comm-B courses. For schedules of the Comm-B
training and to arrange for individual consultations, contact Brad Hughes.
Writing-Intensive Courses
Beyond the General Education requirements in communication, faculty and
staff in the College offer more than 150 courses designated as "Writing
Intensive" (WI) in each academic year with a total enrollment of
over 6,000 students. Current guidelines for this voluntary program appear
below. The decision of whether or not a course is to be designated as
a WI course is decided on a semester-by-semester and instructor-by-instructor
basis. The Writing-Across-the-Curriculum program plays a key role in assisting
faculty and staff in developing such courses. There are several models
for WI courses, depending on the discipline of the course. Departments
are particularly encouraged to develop Writing-Intensive courses in the
major to complement and extend the General Education communications requirements.
A writing requirement in one's major department sends a strong message
to students that writing is important in their discipline of choice, both
as an aid in promoting learning and understanding, and as a necessary
skill for later employment.
Current Guidelines for WI Courses:
Writing-Intensive (WI) courses take many different forms, but they all
share the assumption that writing facilitates learning. Writing-intensive
courses do not teach writing; they instead use a wide variety of writing
activities, closely integrated with the course material, to help students
master the knowledge and the skills relevant to that course. Although
there is no strict requirement about the number of pages students must
write in such a course, students should write regularly throughout the
semester, and their written work should constitute a significant portion
of their final grade. Ideally, students should be given the opportunity
to write in a variety of forms, both formal (for example, book reviews,
lab reports, observation reports, research papers) and informal (for example,
journals, responses to lectures or readings, course dictionaries of important
course terms and concepts).
Writing-intensive courses further assume that writing is a process. This
means that students should be given the opportunity to develop and revise
some of their work before it is evaluated and graded. During the writing
process, some class time should be devoted to discussion of writing; such
instruction might include a discussion of discipline-specific writing
models or a brief lesson on a particular writing issue. In addition, students
should be given the opportunity to receive feedback on their writing from
peers and from the course instructor and then to revise their work based
on this feedback.
Minimum Requirements
To be designated as writing-intensive, a course must fulfill the
following minimum requirements. Exceptions to some of these requirements
may be made for faculty who have compelling pedagogical reasons to adjust
these requirements.
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Writing
assignments must be an integral, ongoing part of the course, and the
writing assignments must constitute a substantial and clearly understood
component of the final course grade. Assignments must be structured
and sequenced in such a way as to help students improve their writing.
Instructors in writing-intensive courses should not just assign writing;
they should help students succeed with and learn from that writing.
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There
must be at least four discrete writing assignments spread throughout
the semester, not including in-class essay exams. |
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At
least one assignment must involve revision; the draft and revision
may count as two discrete writing assignments. Exceptions will be
allowed for instructors who instead choose to use a sequence of repeated
assignments. |
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Students
must produce a total of at least 14 double-spaced pages (c. 4000 words)
of finished prose; this total does not include pages in drafts.
When the writing is in a foreign language, a lower number of total
pages may be appropriate. |
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Instructors
must provide feedback on student's writing assignments. |
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Some
class time must be devoted to preparing students to complete writing
assignments. Some options include:
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discussion
of assignments and of evaluation criteria |
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analysis
and discussion of sample student papers |
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discussion
of writing in progress, using examples of successful work from
students |
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peer
group activities that prepare students to write a particular
paper, such as sharing and discussion of plans, outlines, strategies,
theses, drafts |
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discussion
or presentations of students' research in progress |
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instruction
about a how to write a particular type of paper or about solving
a common writing problem |
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Strong Recommendations
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Departments
may wish to limit enrollment to 30 or fewer students per instructor.
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The
course syllabus should explain the writing-intensive nature of the
course and should contain a schedule for writing assignments and revisions.
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Assignments
should follow a logical sequence and should match the learning goals
for the course. Among the many options: assignments can move from
more basic to more sophisticated kinds of thinking about course material;
assignments can move from clearly defined problems toward more ill-defined
problems for students to solve; assignments can move from familiar
to new perspectives on course material; assignments can give students
repeated practice that builds particular thinking and writing skills;
complex assignments can be sequenced--students write proposals for
research, write drafts, receive feedback on drafts, and then revise
their papers. |
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Assignments
should include time for students to prepare to write and time for
them to reflect on their writing. |
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Courses
should include some informal, ungraded writing (such as journals,
freewriting, reading logs, questions, proposals, response papers .
. .), in order to encourage regular practice with writing, to help
students reflect on and synthesize course material, and to provide
opportunities for students to discover promising ideas for formal
papers. |
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Students
should receive detailed written instructions for each writing assignment,
including an explanation of the goals and specific evaluation criteria
for that assignment. |
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Instructors
should require students to keep all of their writing in portfolios
and to submit their past writing with new papers, so that instructors
can gauge and guide students' improvement as writers. |
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Instructors
should hold at least one individual conference with each student.
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Instructors
should have students complete midterm and final evaluations of the
writing component of the course. |
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Instructors
should consult with the staff of the L&S Program in Writing Across
the Curriculum about the design of the writing component of their
courses. |
Models to Illustrate Number of Assignments and Number
of Pages of Writing in Writing-Intensive Courses
Model #1
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one
3-page paper, with draft and revision |
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one
longer paper, c. 10 pages, with a proposal, draft, and revision
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one
3-page paper |
Model #2.
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two
2-page papers, one of which is revised |
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two
6-page papers, one of which is revised |
Model #3.
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two
8-page papers, each with a draft and revision |
Model #4.
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five
1-page response papers |
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one
10-page paper, with a draft; developed from one of the response
papers |
Model #5.
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two
5-page papers, one revised |
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a
graded journal |
Model #6.
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one
5 or 6-page paper, which is revised |
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one
5-page take-home midterm |
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one
5 or 6-page paper |
Model #7.
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two
2-page papers |
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one
5-page group project report |
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one
3-page paper |
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one
5-page paper, with draft and revision |
Model #8
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one
three-page paper |
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one
20-25-page paper, with proposal, draft, and revision |
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